1. General
BCE before the common era c. circa CE common era cf. compare chap(s). chapter(s) col(s). column(s) Dtr Deuteronomist(ic) ed(d). edition(s) ep(s). epistle(s) fl. flourished fol(s). folio(s) frg(s). fragment(s) HB Hebrew Bible IGNTP International Greek New Testament Project K Kethib l(l). line(s) lit. literally Mm Masora magna Mp Masora parva ms(s) manuscript(s) n(n). note(s) NT New Testament OT Old Testament p(p). page(s) pl(s). plate(s) pt(s). part(s) Q Qere Seb Seberin TiqSoph Tiqqune Sopherim v(v). verse(s)
2. Languages, Versions, and Editions of the Biblical Text
These abbreviations may be used in the body of the article or in a critical apparatus. Special tags for setting off foreign language text in text and HTML documents are identified in the following section.
ach Achmimic ach2 Sub-Achmimic Aq Aquila arab Arabic aram Aramaic arm Armenian bo Bohairic CG Cairo Geniza cop Coptic diat Diatessaron eth Ethiopic fay Fayyumic geo Georgian gk Greek heb Hebrew lat Latin LXX Septuagint LXXL Lucianic Recension of LXX LXXO Hexaplaric Recension of LXX meg Middle Egyptian mf Middle Fayyumic MT Masoretic Text, Majority Text NTG The New Testament in Greek, product of the IGNTP nub Nubian OG Old Greek OL Old Latin OSyr Old Syriac P Peshitta pbo Proto-Boharic per Persian sah Sahidic SamT Samaritan Targum slav Old Church Slavonic sog Sogdian SP Samaritan Pentateuch Sym Symmachus syr Syriac syrh Harclean Syriac SyrHex Syro-Hexapla syrp Peshitta syrpal Palestinian Syriac syrph Phioloxenian Syriac T Targum TEsth1-2 First or Second Targum of Esther TF Fragmentary Targum Theo Theodotion TIsa Targum of Isaiah TJ Targum Jonathan TO Targum Onkelos TN Targum Neofiti TPsJ Targum Pseudo-Jonathan TR Textus Receptus YemT Yemenite Targum V Vulgate
3. Special Tags for Identifying Languages in Text and HTML Formats
The abbreviations below are taken from a draft of ISO 639/2, a three-letter abbreviation scheme for identifying both ancient and modern languages. Only those languages that are likely to pertain to biblical textual criticism are listed below.
akk Akkadian ara Arabic arc Aramaic arm Armenian chu Church Slavic (Old Church Slavonic) cop Coptic egy Egyptian eth Ethiopic geo Georgian got Gothic grc Greek, Ancient heb Hebrew lat Latin peo Persian, Old pro Provençal, Old sam Samaritan Aramaic san Sanskrit sux Sumerian syr Syriac uga Ugaritic
4. Biblical Books (including Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals)
Gen Ex Lev Num Deut Josh Judg Ruth 1-2Sam 1-2Kgs 1-4Kgdms 1-2Chr Ezra Neh Esth Job Ps(s) Prov Eccl/Qoh Song/Cant Isa Jer Lam Ezek Dan Hos Joel Amos Obad Jonah Mic Nah Hab Zeph Hag Zech Mal Tob Jdt AddEsth WisSol Sir Bar LetJer PrAzar Sus Bel 1-4Mac 1-2Esdr 4-6Ezra EsdrA-B PrMan Odes Mt Mk Lk Jn Acts Rom 1-2Cor Gal Eph Phil Col 1-2Thes 1-2Tim Tit Phlm Heb Jas 1-2Pet 1-3Jn Jude Rev
5. Old Testament Psuedepigrapha
ApAb Apocalypse of Abraham TAb Testament of Abraham ApAdam Apocalypse of Adam TAdam Testament of Adam LAE Life of Adam and Eve Ah Ahiqar AnonSam An Anonymous Samaritan Text LetAris Letter of Aristeas ArisEx Aristeas the Exegete Aristob Aristobulus Art Artapanus 2Bar 2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch 3Bar 3 (Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch 4Bar 4 Baruch CavTr Cave of Treasures ClMal Cleodemus Malchus ApDan Apocalypse of Daniel Dem Demetrius ElMod Eldad and Modad ApEl Apocalypse of Elijah HebApEl Hebrew Apocalypse of Elijah 1En 1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch 2En 2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch 3En 3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch Eup Eupolemus Ps-Eup Pseudo-Eupolemus ApocEzek Apocryphon of Ezekiel ApEzek Apocalypse of Ezekiel EzekTrag Ezekiel the Tragedian GkApEzra Greek Apocalypse of Ezra QuesEzra Questions of Ezra RevEzra Revelation of Ezra VisEzra Vision of Ezra HecAb Hecataeus of Abdera Ps-Hec Pseudo-Hecataeus HelSynPr Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers THez Testament of Hezekiah FrgsHistWrks Fragments of Historical Works TIsaac Testament of Isaac AscenIs Ascension of Isaiah MartIs Martyrdom of Isaiah VisIs Vision of Isaiah LadJac Ladder of Jacob PrJac Prayer of Jacob TJac Testament of Jacob JanJam Jannes and Jambres TJob Testament of Job JosAsen Joseph and Asenath HistJos History of Joseph PrJos Prayer of Joseph Jub Jubilees LAB Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum LosTr Lost Tribes 5Mac 5 Maccabees SyrMen Syriac Menander ApMos Apocalypse of Moses AsMos Assumption of Moses PrMos Prayer of Moses TMos Testament of Moses BkNoah Book of Noah Ps-Orph Psuedo-Orpheus PJ Paraleipomena Jeremiou PhEPoet Philo the Epic Poet Ps-Philo Pseudo-Philo Ps-Phoc Pseudo-Phocylides FrgsPoetWrks Fragments of Poetic Works LivPro Lives of the Prophets HistRech History of the Rechabites ApSedr Apocalypse of Sedrach TrShem Treatise of Shem SibOr Sibylline Oracles OdesSol Odes of Solomon PssSol Psalms of Solomon TSol Testament of Solomon 5ApocSyrPss Five Apocryphal Syriac Psalms Thal Thallus Theod Theodotus T12P Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs TReu Testament of Reuben TSim Testament of Simeon TLevi Testament of Levi TJud Testament of Judah TIss Testament of Issachar TZeb Testament of Zebulun TDan Testament of Dan TNaph Testament of Naphtali TGad Testament of Gad TAsh Testament of Asher TJos Testament of Joseph TBenj Testament of Benjamin Vita Vita Adae et Evae ApZeph Apocalypse of Zephaniah ApZos Apocalypse of Zosimus
6. Apostolic Fathers and New Testament Apocrypha
Addai Doctrine of Addai ActsAndr Acts of Andrew AposCon Apostolic Constitutions EpApos Epistula Apostolorum Barn Epistle of Barnabas GBart Gospel of Bartholomew QuesBart Questions of Bartholomew 1-2Clem 1-2 Clement PseudClemRec Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions 3Cor 3 Corinthians CorCorr Corinthian Correspondence Did Didache Diogn Epistle of Diognetus GEbion Gospel of the Ebionites GEgyp Gospel of the Egyptians Elch Book of Elchasai GHeb Gospel of the Hebrews Herm Shepherd of Hermas HermMan Hermas, Mandates HermSim Hermas, Similitudes HermVis Hermas, Visions IgnEph Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians IgnMagn Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians IgnPhld Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians IgnPol Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp IgnRom Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans IgnSmyrn Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans IgnTrall Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians ApIoan Apocalypsis tou hagiou Ioannou ProtJas Protevangelium of James ActsJn Acts of John EpLaod Epistle to the Laodiceans SecretMk Secret Gospel of Mark GMatthias Gospel of Matthias GNaas Gospel of the Naassenes GNaz Gospel of the Nazareans GNic Gospel of Nicodemus PapEg2 Papyrus Egerton 2, Fragments of an Unknown Gospel ActsPaul Acts of Paul ApPaul Apocalypse of Paul ActsPet Acts of Peter ApPet Apocalypse of Peter GPet Gospel of Peter PrPet Preaching of Peter ActsPhil Acts of Philip GPhil Gospel of Philip ActsPil Acts of Pilate MartPol Martyrdom of Polycarp PolPhil Epistle of Polycarp of Philippians RevSteph Revelation of Stephen ActsThom Acts of Thomas ApThom Apocalypse of Thomas GThom Gospel of Thomas GTr Gospel of Truth ApVirg Apocalypse of the Virgin
7. Other Early Jewish and Christian Witnesses and Works
Acac Acacius of Caesarea Ad Adamantius Ambr Ambrose of Milan Ps-Ambr Pseudo-Ambrose Ambst Ambrosiaster AnastS Anastasius of Sinai Andr Andreas of Crete Aphr Aphrahat Apr Apringius Pacensis Arn Arnobius the Younger Ath Athanasius of Alexandria Aug Augustine of Hippo Bas Basil (the Great) of Caesarea Bea Beatus of Liebana Bede Bede (the Venerable) Cass Cassiodorus Chr John Chrysostom Cl Clement of Alexandria Cn John Cassianus Cyp Cyprian Ps-Cyp Pseudo-Cyprian Cyr Cyril of Alexandria CyrJ Cyril of Jerusalem Didym Didymus (the Blind) of Alexandria Dion Dionysius of Alexandria Ephr Ephraem Syrus Epiph Epiphanius Eus Eusebius of Caesarea Hist. Eccl. Historia Ecclesia Firm Firmicus Maternus Fulg Fulgentius GrNaz Gregory of Nazianzus GrNys Gregory of Nyssa Hes Hesychius Hil Hilarius Hipp Hippolytus Ir Irenaeus Jer Jerome Jos Josephus Ant. Antiquities of the Jews Apion Against Apion Life Life of Josephus War Jewish Wars Jus Justin Martyr Lact Lactantius Lcf Lucifer of Caglieri Mcion Marcion MarcErem Marcus Eremita MVict Marius Victorinus Meth Methodius of Olympus Nic Nicetas of Remesiana Nil Nilus of Ancyra Non Nonnus Nov Novatian Ps-Oec Pseudo-Oecumenius Or Origen Oros Orosius Pel Pelagius Phil Philo Ps-Phil Pseudo-Philo PistS Pistis Sophia Porph Porphyry of Gaza Prim Primasius Prisc Priscillianus Prosp Prosper Quod Quodvultdeus Shen Shenute Spec Speculum, Pseudo-Augustine Tert Tertullian Thdt Theodoret TitB Titus Bostrensis Tyc Tyconius Vic Victorinus Petavionensis Vig Vigilius of Thapsus
8. Orders and Tractates in Rabbinic Literature
Use m, t, b, or j before the name of a tractate to distinguish same-named titles in the Mishna, Tosefta, Babylonian Talmud, or Jerusalem Talmud.| )Abot | )Abot |
| (Arak | (Arakin |
| (AbodZar | (Aboda Zara |
| BBat | Baba Batra |
| Bek | Bekorot |
| Ber | Berakot |
| Bes@a | Bes@a |
| Bik | Bikkurim |
| BMes@ | Baba Mes@i(a |
| BQam | Baba Qamma |
| Dem | Demai |
| (Erub | (Erubin |
| (Ed | (Eduyyot |
| Git@ | Git@t@in |
| H9ag | H9agiga |
| H9al | H9alla |
| Hor | Horayot |
| H9ul | H9ullin |
| Kelim | Kelim |
| Ker | Keritot |
| Ketub | Ketubot |
| Kil | Kil)ayim |
| Ma(as8 | Ma(as8erot |
| Mak | Makkot |
| Maks\ | Maks\irin |
| Meg | Megilla |
| Me(il | Me(ila |
| Menah@ | Menah@ot |
| Mid | Middot |
| Miqw | Miqwa)ot |
| Mo(ed | Mo(ed |
| Mo(edQat | Mo(ed Qatan |
| Ma(as8S0 | Ma(as8er S0eni |
| Nas\im | Nas\im |
| Nazir | Nazir |
| Ned | Nedarim |
| Neg | Nega(im |
| Nez | Neziqin |
| Nid | Niddah |
| Ohol | Oholot |
| (Or | (Orla |
| Para | Para |
| Pe)a | Pe)a |
| Pesah@ | Pesah@im |
| Qinnim | Qinnim |
| Qidd | Qiddus\in |
| Qod | Qodas\in |
| Ros\Has\ | Ros\ Has\s\ana |
| Sanh | Sanhedrin |
| S0abb | S0abbat |
| S0eb | S0ebi(it |
| S0ebu | S0ebu(ot |
| S0eqal | S0eqalim |
| Sot@a | Sot@a |
| Sukk | Sukka |
| Ta(an | Ta(anit |
| Tamid | Tamid |
| Tem | Temura |
| Ter | Terumot |
| T9ohar | T9oharot |
| T9Yom | T9ebul Yom |
| (Uq | (Uqs@in |
| Yad | Yadayim |
| Yebam | Yebamot |
| Yoma | Yoma |
| Zabim | Zabim |
| Zebah@ | Zebah@im |
| Zer | Zera(im |
9. Other Rabbinic Works and Related Words
| )AbotRNat | )Abot de Rabbi Nathan |
| )AgBer | )Aggadat Beres\it |
| Bab | Babylonian |
| Bar | Baraita |
| DerErRab | DerekEres@Rabba |
| DerErZut@ | DerekEres@Zut@a |
| Gem | Gemara |
| Kalla | Kalla |
| Mek | Mekilta |
| Midr | Midras\ (MidrQoh = Midras\ Qohelet) |
| Pal | Palestinian |
| PesiqR | Pesiqta Rabbati |
| PesiqRabKah | Pesiqta de Rab Kahana |
| PirqeREl | Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer |
| Rab | Rabbah (GenRab = Genesis Rabbah) |
| S0em | S0emah@ot |
| Sipra | Sipra |
| Sipre | Sipre |
| Sop | Soperim |
| S(OlamRab | Seder (Olam Rabbah |
| Talm | Talmud |
| Yal | Yalqut@ |
10. Nag Hammadi Tractates
ActsPet12Apost Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles Allogenes Allogenes ApocJas Apocryphon of James ApocJn Apocryphon of John ApAdam Apocalypse of Adam 1ApJas First Apocalypse of James 2ApJas Second Apocalypse of James ApPaul Apocalypse of Paul ApPet Apocalypse of Peter Asclepius Asclepius AuthTeach Authoritative Teaching DialSav Dialogue of the Savior Disc8-9 Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth EpPetPhil Letter of Peter to Philip Eugnostos Eugnostos the Blessed ExegSoul Exegesis of the Soul GEgyp Gospel of the Egyptians GPhil Gospel of Philip GThom Gospel of Thomas GTruth Gospel of Truth GreatPow Concept of Our Great Power HypArch Hypostasis of the Archons Hypsiph Hypsiphrone InterpKnow Interpretation of Knowledge Marsanes Marsanes Melch Melchizedek Norea Thought of Norea OnBapA On Baptism A OnBapB On Baptism B OnBapC On Baptism C OnEuchA On the Eucharist A OnEuchB On the Eucharist B OrigWorld On the Origin of the World ParaphShem Paraphrase of Shem PrPaul Prayer of the Apostle Paul PrThanks Prayer of Thanksgiving SentSextus Sentences of Sextus SophJesChr Sophia of Jesus Christ StelesSeth Three Steles of Seth TeachSilv Teachings of Silvanus TestimTruth Testimony of Truth ThomCont Book of Thomas the Contender Thund Thunder, Perfect Mind TreatRes Treatise on the Resurrection TreatSeth Second Treatise of the Great Seth TriTrac Tripartite Tractate TrimProt Trimorphic Protennoia ValExp A Valentinian Exposition Zost Zostrianos
11. Modern Bible Translations
ASV American Standard Version GNB Good News Bible JB Jerusalem Bible JPS Jewish Publication Society Tanakh KJV King James Version Luth Luther Bibel NAB New American Bible NASB New American Standard Bible NEB New English Bible NIV New International Version NJB New Jerusalem Bible NJPS New Jewish Publication Society Tanakh NRSV New Revised Standard Version REB Revised English Bible RSV Revised Standard Version RV Revised Version R-V Versión Reina Valera
12. Journals, Book Series, and Reference Works
Titles not found in this list are to be written out in full. Titles of periodicals and books are italicized, but titles of series are set in roman characters, as are acronyms of authors' names when they are used as sigla.
AARSBLA American Academy of Religion/Society of Biblical Literature Abstracts AARSBLVR AAR/SBL Ventures in Religion AAS Acta apostolicae sedis AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research AB Anchor Bible ABD D. N. Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary AbrN Abr-Nahrain AcOr Acta orientalia ACW Ancient Christian Writers ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan Aeg Aegyptus AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AHW W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJAS American Journal of Arabic Studies AJBA Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology AJBI Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute AJP American Journal of Philology AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature AJT American Journal of Theology ALBO Analecta lovaniensia biblica et orientalia ALGHJ Arbeiten zur Literatur und Geschichte des hellenistischen Judentums ALUOS Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society AnBib Analecta biblica AnBoll Analecta Bollandiana ANEP J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near East in Pictures ANESTP J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near East Supplementary Texts and Pictures ANET J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts ANF The Ante-Nicene Fathers AnOr Analecta orientalia ANQ Andover Newton Quarterly ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt ANTF Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung ANTJ Arbeiten zum Neuen Testament und Judentum Anton Antonianum AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Series AOSTS American Oriental Society Translation Series AP J. Marouzeau, ed., L'année philologique APOT R. H. Charles, ed., Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament AR D. D. Luckenbill, ed., Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia ARE J. H. Breasted, ed., Ancient Records of Egypt ARG Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte ARM Archives royales de Mari ArOr Archiv orientální ARW Archiv für Religionswissenschaft ASNU Acta seminarii neotestamentici upsaliensis ASS Acta sanctae sedis ASSR Archives des sciences sociales des religions ASTI Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute ATAbh Alttestamentliche Abhandlungen ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments ATAT Arbeiten zu Text und Sprache im Alten Testament ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch ATDan Acta theologica danica ATR Anglican Theological Review AusBR Australian Biblical Review AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist BAC Biblioteca de autores cristianos BAGD W. Bauer, W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker, Greek-English Lexicon of the NT BAR Biblical Archaeologist Reader BARev Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BASP Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists BBB Bonner biblische Beiträge BBET Beiträge zur biblischen Exegese und Theologie BCSR Bulletin of the Council on the Study of Religion BDB F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament BDF F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the NT BDR F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and F. Rehkopf, Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch BeO Bibbia e oriente BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium BEvT Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie BFCT Beiträge zur Förderung christlicher Theologie BFT Biblical Foundations in Theology BGBE Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese BHEAT Bulletin d'histoire et d'exégèse de l'Ancien Testament BHH B. Reicke and L. Rost, eds., Biblisch-Historisches Handwörterbuch BHK R. Kittel, Biblia hebraica BHS Biblia hebraica stuttgartensia BHT Beiträge zur historischen Theologie Bib Biblica BibB Biblische Beiträge BibLeb Bibel und Leben BibOr Biblica et orientalia BibRev Bible Review BibS(F) Biblische Studien (Freiburg, 1895-) BibS(N) Biblische Studien (Neukirchen, 1951-) BIES Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society (= Yediot) BIFAO Bulletin de l'institut français d'archéologie orientale BIOSCS Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies BJPES Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester BJS Brown Judaic Studies BK Bibel und Kirche BKAT Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament BLE Bulletin de littérature ecclésiastique BLit Bibel und Liturgie BO Bibliotheca orientalis BR Biblical Research BSac Bibliotheca Sacra BSO(A)S Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies BT The Bible Translator BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BTS Bible et terre sainte BTZ Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift BurH Buried History BVC Bible et vie chrétienne BWANT Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZAW Beihefte zur ZAW BZNW Beihefte zur ZNW BZRGG Beihefte zur ZRGG CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago CAH Cambridge Ancient History CahRB Cahiers de la Revue biblique CahThéol Cahiers Théologiques CAT Commentaire de l'Ancien Testament CB Cultura bíblica CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly--Monograph Series CCath Corpus Catholicorum CChr Corpus Christianorum CGTC Cambridge Greek Testament Commentaries CH Church History CHR Catholic Historical Review CIG Corpus inscriptionum graecarum CII Corpus inscriptionum iudaicarum CIL Corpus inscriptionum latinarum CIS Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum CJT Canadian Journal of Theology CNT Commentaire du Nouveau Testament ConB Coniectanea biblica ConBNT Coniectanea biblica, New Testament ConBOT Coniectanea biblica, Old Testament ConNT Coniectanea neotestamentica CP Classical Philology CQ Church Quarterly CQR Church Quarterly Review CR Critical Review of Books in Religion CRAIBL Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres CRINT Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad novum testamentum CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum CTA A. Herdner, Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques CTM Concordia Theological Monthly CurTM Currents in Theology and Mission DACL Dictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie DBSup Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplément DISO C.-F. Jean and J. Hoftijzer, Dictionnaire des inscriptions sémitiques de l'ouest DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert DOTT D. W. Thomas, ed., Documents from Old Testament Times DS Denzinger-Schönmetzer, Enchiridion symbolorum DTC Dictionnaire de théologie catholique DTT Dansk teologisk tidsskrift DunRev Dunwoodie Review EB Echter Bibel Ebib Etudes bibliques EDB L. F. Hartman, ed., Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Bible EHAT Exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament EKKNT Evangelisch-katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament EKL Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon EncJud Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971) EnchBib Enchiridion biblicum EPRO Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'empire Romain ErFor Erträge der Forschung ErIsr Eretz Israel ErJb Eranos Jahrbuch EstBib Estudios bíblicos ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses ETR Etudes théologiques et religieuses ETS Erfurter theologische Studien EvK Evangelische Kommentare EvQ Evangelical Quarterly EvT Evangelische Theologie EWNT H. Balz and G. Schneider, eds., Exegetisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament ExpTim Expository Times FB Forschung zur Bibel FBBS Facet Books, Biblical Series FC Fathers of the Church FFNT Foundations and Facets: New Testament FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments GAG W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik GAT Grundrisse zum Alten Testament GCS Griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller GKB Gesenius-Kautzsch-Bergsträsser, Hebräische Grammatik GKC Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, tr. A. E. Cowley GNS Good News Studies GNT Grundrisse zum Neuen Testament GOTR Greek Orthodox Theological Review GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies Greg Gregorianum GTA Göttinger theologische Arbeiten HALAT W. Baumgartner, et al., Hebräisches und aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament HAR Hebrew Annual Review HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HBC J. L. Mays, et al., eds., Harper's Bible Commentary HBD P. J. Achtemeier, et al., eds., Harper's Bible Dictionary HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology HDR Harvard Dissertations in Religion HeyJ Heythrop Journal HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HKNT Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament HNTC Harper's NT Commentaries HR History of Religions HS Hebrew Studies HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HTKNT Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual HUCM Monographs of the Hebrew Union College HUT Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie IB Interpreter's Bible IBC Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching IBS Irish Biblical Studies ICC International Critical Commentary IDB G. A. Buttrick, ed., Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible IDBSup Supplementary volume to IDB IEJ Israel Exploration Journal Int Interpretation IOS Israel Oriental Society IRT Issues in Religion and Theology ISBE G. W. Bromiley, ed., International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. ITQ Irish Theological Quarterly JA Journal asiatique JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion JAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum JANESCU Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JAS Journal of Asian Studies JB A. Jones, ed., Jerusalem Bible JBC R. E. Brown, et al., eds., The Jerome Biblical Commentary JBE Journal of Buddhist Ethics JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JBR Journal of Bible and Religion JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JDS Judean Desert Series JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History JEOL Jaarbericht . . . ex oriente lux JES Journal of Ecumenical Studies JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JFSR Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion JHebS Journal of Hebrew Scriptures JHNES Johns Hopkins Near Eastern Studies JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies JIBS Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies JIPh Journal of Indian Philosophy JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JMES Journal of Middle Eastern Studies JMS Journal of Mithraic Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JPOS Journal of Palestine Oriental Society JPSV Jewish Publication Society Version JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JQRMS Jewish Quarterly Review Monograph Series JR Journal of Religion JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JRE Journal of Religious Ethics JRelS Journal of Religious Studies JRH Journal of Religious History JRS Journal of Roman Studies JRT Journal of Religious Thought JSHRZ Jüdische Schriften aus hellenistisch-römischer Zeit JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament--Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament--Supplement Series JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JSSR Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion JTC Journal for Theology and the Church JTS Journal of Theological Studies Judaica Judaica: Beiträge zum Verständnis . . . KAI H. Donner and W. Rollig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament KB L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti libros KD Kerygma und Dogma KlT Kleine Texte KS Kirjath-Sepher LB Linguistica Biblica LCC Library of Christian Classics LCL Loeb Classical Library LD Lectio divina Leß Leßonénu LLAVT E. Vogt, Lexicon linguae aramaicae Veteris Testamenti LPGL G. W. H. Lampe, Patristic Greek Lexicon LQ Lutheran Quarterly LR Lutherische Rundschau LS Louvain Studies LSJ Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon LTK Lexicon für Theologie und Kirche LTP Laval théologique et philosophique LUÅ Lunds universitets årsskrift LW Lutheran World McCQ McCormick Quarterly MDOG Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft MeyerK H. A. W. Meyer, Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament MGWJ Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums MM J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament MNTC Moffatt NT Commentary MPAIBL Mémoires présentés à l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres MScRel Mélanges de science religieuse MTZ Münchener theologische Zeitschrift Mus Muséon MUSJ Mélanges de l'université Saint-Joseph MVAG Mitteilungen der vorderasiatisch-ägyptischen Gesellschaft NCB New Century Bible NCCHS R. D. Fuller, et al., eds., New Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture NCE M. R. P. McGuire, et al., eds., New Catholic Encyclopedia NedTTs Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift Neot Neotestamentica NFT New Frontiers in Theology NHS Nag Hammadi Studies NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament NIGTC The New International Greek Testament Commentary NJBC R. E. Brown et al., eds., The New Jerome Biblical Commentary NKZ Neue kirchliche Zeitschrift NorTT Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Novum Testamentum, Supplements NPNF Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers NRT La nouvelle revue théologique NTA New Testament Abstracts NTAbh Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch NTF Neutestamentliche Forschungen NTL New Testament Library NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTS New Testament Studies NTTS New Testament Tools and Studies Numen Numen: International Review for the History of Religions OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis ÖBS Österreichische biblische Studien OBT Overtures to Biblical Theology OCD Oxford Classical Dictionary OIP Oriental Institute Publications OLP Orientalia lovaniensia periodica OLZ Orientalische Literaturzeitung Or Orientalia (Rome) OrAnt Oriens antiquus OrChr Oriens christianus OrSyr L'orient syrien OTA Old Testament Abstracts OTL Old Testament Library OTP J. H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha OTS Oudtestamentische Studiën PAAJR Proceedings of the American Academy of Jewish Research PCB M. Black and H. H. Rowley, eds., Peake's Commentary on the Bible PEFQS Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PG J. Migne, Patrologia graeca PGM K. Preisendanz, ed., Papyri graecae magicae PhEW Philosophy East and West PhRev Philosophical Review PJ Palästina-Jahrbuch PL J. Migne, Patrologia latina PO Patrologia orientalis PRU Le Palais royal d'Ugarit PSTJ Perkins (School of Theology) Journal PTMS Pittsburgh (Princeton) Theological Monograph Series PVTG Pseudepigrapha Veteris Testamenti graece PW Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft PWSup Supplement to PW QD Quaestiones disputatae QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine RA Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum RANE Records of the Ancient Near East RArch Revue archéologique RB Revue biblique RBén Revue bénédictine RCB Revista de cultura biblica RE Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche REA Revue des études anciennes RechBib Recherches bibliques REg Revue d'égyptologie REJ Revue des études juives RelS Religious Studies RelSoc Religion and Society RelSRev Religious Studies Review RES Répertoire d'épigraphie sémitique ResQ Restoration Quarterly RevExp Review and Expositor RevistB Revista bíblica RevQ Revue de Qumran RevScRel Revue des sciences religieuses RevSém Revue sémitique RevThom Revue thomiste RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart RHE Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique RHPR Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses RHR Revue de l'histoire des religions RivB Rivista biblica RNT Regensburger Neues Testament RQ Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte RR Review of Religion RSO Rivista degli studi orientali RSPT Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques RSR Recherches de science religieuse RTAM Recherches de théologie ancienne et médievale RTL Revue théologique de Louvain RTP Revue de théologie et de philosophie SacEr Sacris erudiri SANT Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament SAQ Sammlung ausgewählter kirchen- und dogmengeschichtlicher Quellenschriften SB Sources bibliques SBA Studies in Biblical Archaeology SBAW Sitzungsberichte der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SBB Stuttgarter biblische Beiträge SBJ La sainte bible de Jérusalem SBLABS SBL Archaeology and Biblical Studies SBLAS SBL Aramaic Studies SBLASP SBL Abstracts and Seminar Papers SBLBAC SBL The Bible in American Culture SBLBMI SBL The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters SBLBSNA SBL Biblical Scholarship in North America SBLDS SBL Dissertation Series SBLEJL SBL Early Judaism and Its Literature SBLMasS SBL Masoretic Studies SBLMS SBL Monograph Series SBLNTGF SBL The New Testament in the Greek Fathers SBLRBS SBL Resources for Biblical Study SBLSBS SBL Sources for Biblical Study SBLSCS SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies SBLSP SBL Seminar Papers SBLSS SBL Semeia Studies SBLTT SBL Texts and Translations SBLWAW SBL Writings of the Ancient World SBM Stuttgarter biblische Monographien SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SC Sources chrétiennes ScEccl Sciences ecclésiastiques SCHNT Studia ad corpus hellenisticum novi testamenti SCR Studies in Comparative Religion ScrHier Scripta hierosolymitana ScEs Science et esprit SD Studies and Documents SE Studia Evangelica I, II, III (= TU 73 [1959], 87 [1964], 88 [1964], etc.) SEÅ Svensk exegetisk årsbok SecCent Second Century Sef Sefarad Sem Semitica SHT Studies in Historical Theology SJ Studia judaica SJLA Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity SJT Scottish Journal of Theology SMSR Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni SNT Studien zum Neuen Testament SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series SO Symbolae osloenses SOTSMS Society for Old Testament Study Monograph Series SPap Studia papyrologica SPAW Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SPB Studia postbiblica SQAW Schriften und Quellen der alten Welt SR Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses SSN Studia semitica neerlandica SSS Semitic Study Series ST Studia theologica STÅ Svensk teologisk årsskrift StABH Studies in American Biblical Hermeneutics STDJ Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah STK Svensk teologisk kvartalskrift Str-B [H. Strack and] P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament StudBib Studia Biblica StudNeot Studia neotestamentica StudOr Studia orientalia SUNT Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments SVTP Studia in Veteris Testamenti pseudepigrapha SWBA Social World of Biblical Antiquity SymBU Symbolae biblicae upsalienses TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association TBei Theologische Beiträge TBl Theologische Blätter TBü Theologische Bücherei TBT The Bible Today TC TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism TCGNT B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament TD Theology Digest TDNT G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament TDOT G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament TEV Today's English Version TextsS Texts and Studies TF Theologische Forschung TGl Theologie und Glaube THKNT Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament ThStud Theologische Studiën TLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung TP Theologie und Philosophie TPQ Theologisch-praktische Quartalschrift TQ Theologische Quartalschrift TRE Theologische Realenzyklopädie TRev Theologische Revue TRu Theologische Rundschau TS Theological Studies TSK Theologische Studien und Kritiken TSSI J. C. L. Gibson, Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions TT Teologisk Tidsskrift TToday Theology Today TTZ Trierer theologische Zeitschrift TU Texte und Untersuchungen TWAT G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, eds., Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament TWNT G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament TynBul Tyndale Bulletin TZ Theologische Zeitschrift UBSGNT United Bible Societies Greek New Testament UF Ugarit-Forschungen UNT Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament USQR Union Seminary Quarterly Review UT C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook UUÅ Uppsala universitetsårsskrift VC Vigiliae christianae VCaro Verbum caro VD Verbum domini VF Verkündigung und Forschung VKGNT K. Aland, ed., Vollständige Konkordanz zum griechischen Neuen Testament VS Verbum salutis VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Vetus Testamentum, Supplements WA M. Luther, Kritische Gesamtausgabe (= "Weimar" edition) WBC Word Biblical Commentary WD Wort und Dienst WDB Westminster Dictionary of the Bible WH Westcott, B. F., and Hort, F. J. A., The New Testament in the Original Greek WHAB Westminster Historical Atlas of the Bible WHJP World History of the Jewish People WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WO Die Welt des Orients WTJ Westminster Theological Journal WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orientgesellschaft WW Word and World WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes WZKSO Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie ZAH Zeitschrift für Althebraistik ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZDMG Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft ZDPV Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins ZEE Zeitschrift für evangelische Ethik ZHT Zeitschrift für historische Theologie ZKG Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte ZKT Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie ZMR Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft ZRGG Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte ZST Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie ZTK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche ZWT Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie
